Bomb Threat and Explosion Investigation

In addition, new(prenominal) law enforcement agencies may have specific information value. The Intelligence Service, Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP), legal philosophy Intelligence mathematical group (PIG) and National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) maintains files on individuals who make threats against political leaders.The Bureau of Customs (BOC) may provide information of imported goods the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (BID) can provide information on individuals entering or leaving the country the Firearms and detonative Division, Civil Security Group, Philippine National Police (FED, CSG, PNP) maintains records on firearms and explosives the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) maintains records on fugitives the Philippine Postal Corporation (PHILPOST) may assist in matters related to the mails the National Anti-Kidnapping Task Force (NAKTAF) may, have files of information and intelligence beca substance ab make use of they have primary legal power in kid nap-for-ransom cases. On the local level, the local police authorities frequently maintain individual motion-picture show or mug files, alias files, business indexes, modus operandi (MO) files, victimization records and crime patterns. In addition, court records, probation and parole files, and a nonher(prenominal) municipal records such as utilities, may prove valuable. Records of businesses, such as the telephone, electric and urine companies, may also be helpful.Surveillance and stakeouts argon important components of kidnap-for-ransom investigations. These activities may require various forms of electronic surveillance, including wiretapping, eavesdropping, automobile locator systems, videotaping and photography. Such efforts may require assistance from other agencies. The investigator should be familiar, not only with the use of such equipment, but also with the laws surrounding their application. The investigator must know when a court run is necessary for the use of ele ctronic surveillance. In no case should an investigator use extralegal performer to secure information. CHAPTER 7 joker THREAT AND EXPLOSION INVESTIGATION INTRODUCTIONThe use of explosives, by certain culpables and criminal organizations, has increased since the mid 1980s. Statistics also show that homes, vehicles and businesses were the primary targets of bombings and, in eight out of ten disasters, the motor was vandalism and revenge. Bombs are often made out common household items regularly found in the kitchen, garage or under the sink. The pipe bomb, the easiest bomb to construct, is often packed with screws and nails which act as projectiles, connatural to hap grenades. These are materials that the hoagy relies on, in part, to help conceal their identity. Because they are ordinarily home-made, they are restrain in their design only by the imagination of the bomber.When attempting for a bomb, the investigator should simply see for anything that appears unusual. The bomb technician decides what is and is not a bomb. The bombing crime scene must be linked to the bomber and, if found intact, the bombs themselves can sometimes reveal the identity of the bomber. Bombs can be constructed to look like some anything and can be determined or delivered in a diverseness of ways. The chance of locating a bomb that looks like the stereotypical bomb is almost non-existent. INVESTIGATING THE BOMB THREAT Bomb threats are delivered in a variety of ways. Most are telephoned in to the target. Occasionally, these calls are made by dint of a third party. Sometimes, a threat is communicated through in writing or via a recording.There are dickens (2) general explanations as to why the bombers communicate a bomb threat 1. The caller has definite noesis or believes that an explosive or incendiary bomb has been or provide be placed, and that he or she wants to minimize psycheal injury or property damage. The caller may be the person who placed the device or so meone else who has constitute witting of such information. 2. The caller wants to create an atmosphere of anxiousness and panic that go away, in turn, results in disruption of normal activities at the facility where the device is supposedly placed. whatsoever the reason, there will certainly be a reaction to it. However, through proper planning, the wide variety of uncontrollable reactions can be minimized.The bomb threat caller is the best source of information roughly a bomb. When bomb threat is called in, the following steps should be implemented 1. Keep the caller on the bend as long as possible. 2. Ask him or her to repeat the message and record all word spoken by the person. 3. Ask the caller about the mess of the bomb and the time of ebullition of the device. 4. Inform the caller that the building is occupied and the detonation of a bomb could kill or appal innocent people. 5. Pay particular attention to background noise such as motor running, medicament playing o r any other noise. This may give a clue as to the location of the caller. 6.Listen closely to he voice (male or female), voice quality (calm or excited), accent and speech impediments. 7. question the person who received the call for the preceding information. RESPONDING TO A BOMB THREAT In response to a bomb threat, the following reminders must be strictly observed by the first responders 1. Refrain from beam while at the location. Radio transmissions might trigger the explosive device. 2. Anyone involved in the search must not touch any suspected items. Under any circumstances, if a suspicious object is located, it should not be touched or disturbed. 3. Maintain a safe distance from the explosive device. 4. Call the Explosive Ordinance Disposal Team (EODT) to handle the explosive device. SAFETY PRECAUTIONSIn a raid or search situation in which explosive devices are expected to be encountered, investigations should be accompanied by an explosives expert. This person can be used t o inform other police officers of what character reference of device is at hand and how best to proceed safely with the raid. Other precautions include the following 1. Only one officer at a time should approach the suspected booby trap. 2. When trip wires are located, both ends of the wire should be checked. 3. Wires that appear to be electric should not be cut. 4. No containers should be opened without thorough examination. ELEMENTS OF BOMB INCIDENT PLANNING To counter bomb nonessentials, a physical security plan and bomb incident plan should be made.The elements of these plans are as follows 1. agree 1) Who will be in charge of the incident? 2) Where will the control center be located? 3) How will critical decisions be made? 4) Who will man the control center? 5) What primary and alternate communication system will be occupied during the incident? 2. Initiation What procedures will be followed upon receipt of a bomb threat or mailing that a device has been found? 3. Evacuati on If evacuation is ordered, what procedure will be followed? 4. Search 1) What will be searched? 2) What search technique will be employed? 3) Who will search? 5. Damage Control 1) What damage control beaks will be taken? ) Who will take the damage control measure? 6. Detonation 1) What procedure will be followed if a bomb detonates without warning? BOMB SEARCHING TECHNIQUES A two-person search item is recommended when looking for bombs. When the search team enters the agency, they should first move to various parts of the room and stand quietly, with their eyes closed, and listen for clockwork device. Often, a clockwork device can easily be detected without the use of specialized equipment. Even if no clockwork mechanism can be detected, the search team is now aware of the background noise level within the room itself. Background noise is always disturbing during a building search.If a ticking sound is heard but cannot be located, one might become unnerved. The ticking sound m ight come from an unbalanced air conditioner fan, several floors away, or from a come down sink down the hall. Sound can transfer through air conditioning ducts, along water pipes and through walls. One of the more difficult buildings to search is one that has steam of hot water heat. This type of building will constantly thump, crack, chatter and tick because of the movement of the steam of hot water through the pipes and the expansion and contraction of the pipes. The room should be divided into two virtually equal parts. An imaginary line is then drawn between two objects in the room.The first searching height will usually cover items in the room up to hip height. The searchers then position themselves on opposite sides of the room and begin searching their way somewhat the room, working toward to each one other. During the search, all items resting on the floor and positioned around or on the wall welkin are inspected. Although many minor variations are possible in searching a room, the following are the summary of the basic searching steps 1. Divide the area and select a search height. 2. Start from the bottom and work yourself up. 3. Start back-to-back and work toward each other. 4. Go around the walls and proceed toward the center of the room.