A Case Study on Cheat Sheet to Pregnancy Hormones

Question: Describe about the A Cheat Sheet to Pregnancy Hormones? Answer: Source of Hormone Hormone Functions Level during Pregnancy Placenta HCG or Human Chorionic Gonadotropin For maintenance of the corpus leteums progesterone secretion for promotion of endometrium and prevention of menstruation until placenta becomes mature enough to sustain indigenous progesterone. The level of HCG start increasing eight days post evolution and tend to peak around 60 to 80 days after conception Corpus Leutem till 10 weeks and then placenta Progesterone It enables relaxation of uterus muscles, enhance acceptance to foetus During the first 3 months, there is exponential increase in levels after which it plateaus Corpus Leutem initially and then placenta Estrogen It plays a critical role in the development of foetus by stimulating the production of hormones in the adrenal gland of the foetus and thereby enable its normal development During the first 3 months, there is exponential increase in levels after which it plateaus Hypothalamus Oxytocin Plays a crucial role in the simulation of contractions of uterus at the time of delivery along with simulation of milk production Exponential increase till week 10 after which it witnesses a decline Hypothalamus Prolactin It plays a crucial role in preparing the breast for lactation and subsequent milk releasing The level tends to increase during the pregnancy and reach a level nearly 10-20 times of normal levels Placenta Relaxin Plays a crucial role in delivering by allowing relaxation of uterine muscles and ligaments of pelvic bones The level tends to increase during the pregnancy and reaches a level nearly 10 times of normal levels The male reproductive hormones are summarised in the table below (Starr McMillan, 2014). Source of Hormone Hormone Functions Hypothalamus GnRH Stimulating the FSH and LH secretion Pituitary Gland FSH It leads to sperm maturation Pituitary Gland LH Stimulates the secretion of testosterone and production of androgen by testes Testes (Laydig Cells) Testosterone Responsible for stimulating sex drive Pituitary Gland Inhibin Feedback to slowdown the release of FSH and LH The female reproductive hormones are summarised in the table below (Starr McMillan, 2014). Source of Hormone Hormone Functions Hypothalamus Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Stimulating the FSH and LH secretion Pituatary Gland Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH It triggers the development of ovarian follicle and is responsible for controlling ovum production Pituatary Gland Leutenizing hormone(LH) Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen and progesterone along with promotion of corpus leteum development Ovaries Oestrogen Responsible for maturation and release of ovum in every menstrual cycle Ovary (Corpus Leteum) Progesterone Preparation of the uterus lining for reception and development of fertilised ovum Reference Hochwald, L. nd, A Cheat Sheet to Pregnancy Hormones, Parents Website, Available online from https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/my-life/emotions/understanding-pregnancy-hormones/ (Accessed on November 28, 2015)Starr, C McMillan, B 2014, Human Biology, 10th edn, Cengage Learning, Belmonte