African Americans in Pop Culture Essay Example for Free

African Americans in Pop Culture Essay African Americans have had an incredible lasting impression on popular culture. African American singers, artists, entrepreneurs, athletes and actors have all had their say and have really stood out within the past few years. Theyve also grown and not grown in different ways all around from music, to television, to movies. African American stereotypes still exist in all aspects of pop culture, while many are trying to get away from what audiences assume is the typical black person. African Americans have been fighting for and against their own stereotypes when they started breaking out into music, then branching out into television, and making it big in the film industry. Theyve gone from being the dumb, uneducated, and underprivileged minority of America, and have started to make themselves more known as gang bangers and thugs, which are often seen as heroes in popular culture. African Americans havent only made a name for themselves or left a footprint in only their culture, but in American culture all around. African Americans have been making their mark in music all throughout history. Many started with the jazz and bebop rebellion during the 1940s and 50s in Detroit. They made their point by trying to be different. They didnt want to follow the typical white, swing music criteria, and thats exactly what happened. Bebop wasnt so mainstream, and thats what made it their own. They preferred small, unique combos to play instead of big named stars in the music industry. Detroit was shedding light on the working class people of the town and wanted to really make a sound for them. â€Å"The 1940s created an â€Å"afro-modernism,† a response to the urbanization, industrialization, and modernization of African American Culture. † Because of their movement ahead in music, they also made their movement in business. And so emerged an incredibly successful, black capitalist enterprise, Motown Records, founded by Barry Gordy. Along with the movement in Detroit, the Harlem Renaissance had happened even before all the rage for jazz and bebop, which raised awareness to the visual arts, which led to even more developments in music. And even earlier at the beginning of the 20th century, blacks were starting to be accepted into acclaimed schools to study music and they were allowed to join the base of white people in symphony orchestras. During the 50s, doo-wop and soul music became popular. Thats when legends like Ray Charles emerged and paved the way for others. Soul music remained popular among blacks for long after the pop sounds started to wave through. By the end of the decade and moving into the 70s, blacks were starting to crossover into the typical white music trends. Psychadelic music had become popular. Jimi Hendrix, along his wah-wah pedal innovation, became one of the most popular guitarists during the era. Right after that, soul had become the popular music in the black community and was starting to revolutionize African-American music. Soul had continued success in popularity during the 70s, but the 70s also brought along a rise in black bands. White people were listening to country, disco, and all sorts of rock music, while the African-Americans had their funk, pop, soul, and jazz music that was on a totally different spectrum from their white counterparts. The 70s was also when Djs started mixing their own beats and playing their funk records the way they wanted to so they could get their audience to dance. And with the beats produced by Djs along with the poets who would read their poems to those beats, came the emergence of hip hop music. The era of hip hop music was a new revolution in African American popular culture.

Lean Management Solve Bank Dhofar Proplems Information Technology Essay

Lean Management Solve Bank Dhofar Proplems Information Technology Essay Number of Banks and financial institution in the word and spicily in Oman implement such management standard of lean to achieve best business process; going through transition need more of banks secured. That strength comes from, speed of operation activities, reduce the cost, good product and increase customer knowledge. A leading bank in Oman called Bank Dhofar involve in many IT activities and steps to improve customer satisfaction. Report will go through the finding and gives recommendations. Key words: ATM Automatic Teller Machine SDM Smart Deposit Machine HSP High Payment Systems WISAL- One of Call Center service- customer inquires ISO International Organization for Standardization IT Information Technology EMV Europay / MasterCard/ Visa 1.0 Introduction Bank Dhofar is moving forward to offer many services effectively. Excellent service may not achieve or reach unless bank successfully implements such activities to provide the quality in best way of Bank service offered. To satisfying Bank customer through providing high service it will improved the out come in productivity side and will increase Operation value. It is hard to achieve this delivery of services because it request basic background in the organization. On the same hand Bank Dhofar need to offer fast, best and high quality services more to their customers. It needs to be reliable when such services lunch because it needs to succeed the organization. ISO 9001 has defined the service as leaning activities (Noor Aida Idris. 2008). Bank Dhofar is offering many kind of service to his customer and prefers the IT channel. TI services are high technology of Bank process, tool and information offered by Bank to their staff as well as customers. Focusing on profitability is the main objective for any commercial organization such as Bank dhofer to achieve maximum profits and improve shareholder return. Globule banks specially the large of them believes that if e-banking delivery channel such as ATMs, SMS banking, internet, deposit machines (CDM) and call center if deployed in good manner will deliver to reduce the cost of operation activates which tend to enhance the bank profitability. According to Nsouli Schaechter (2002) in 1996 a survey published by Booz-Allen Hamiltoan addressed e-banking come out with the estimated cost of daily transitions in united state of full branch service is 1.07 US dollar per transaction, while telephone banking cost 54 cent, ATM 27 cent and internet banking 1.5 cent. Forester (2003) has come out with research cover most largest bank in Europe state that the cost of any simple transaction that branch teller made is more costly by 14 times if we comber it with online transaction cost. This rese arch found that if customer made transaction in bank branch will cost them about 1 dollar cumbering with 60 cent if he made it through telephone call, while using the same transaction online will reduce it to 0.02 cent. Moreover improving e-channel will develop customer relationship by providing 24/7 online excess of banking services on time and whenever he need. E-banking has direct benefit and indirect. Direct benefit through reducing operation cost, overhead cost, faster transactions, less work loading, reduce customer waiting queues and allow staff more free time which may used for marketing purpose. Here are some good examples of Bank Dhofar e-banking channels 2.0 ATM Bank Dhofar is increasing dependent on use of information technology (IT) in carrying out business operations. The management of IT function has become very critical (Okunoye et al, 2007) due to implementation of IT based banking and ATM system as rapid use of advanced communication net work for connecting multiple location across the country. The latest of last century was the age of processing engineering (D.Dilijonas D. Zavrid, 2008). The growing dependence on technology for managing business also exposes the organization to substantial IT security risks. 2.1 Before ATM ATM is net work Technology offer high speed (T.Pham, 1998). Before ATM invented all commercial Banks and spicily Bank Dhofar were facing allot of difficulty those problems brought a headache to all Bank staff spicily cashier when salaries has been credited in customers accounts a long queue of customer stretching in front of cashier window waiting for their salaries and they feel uncomfortable with Bank services. Also cahier in trouble he/ she should work faster than he could which made him makes mistakes, this mistakes either shortages or access, it need a lot of time to discover it and some time cashier pay that deference. Some time customer need to know their account balance, have statement or small inquire about their account situation they should reach the Bank or any branches. In the same time if customer needs an urgent liquidity when Bank close, there is no way to have it and this problem become bigger if the next day is holyday, which may make a big loss to that customer. But after ATM is coming up every thing has change to good a lot of problems disappear and customer served will, cost reduced, quality of service improved and money reachable for 24 hours / 7 days a week only it need to insert your ATM cards. 2.2 Objectives The ATMs and SDMs play an important role in the Banks retail and corporate banking strategy by: Providing a 24 hours / 365 days a year (S.Yoshizawa J.Makiwo, 2001) automate service comprising cash deposits withdrawal, cheque deposits, utility bill payment, credit card payment, transfer of funds, mini statement, cheque request, etc. Reliving pressure at the cash counters and ensuring that all transitions are processed online, real time so no further back end processing is required. Reducing the risk of forged currency notes being deposited, since SDMs are programmed to detect counterfeit notes. Enabling the Bank to protect both its retail and corporate customer base. Offering customer the convenience of choice of locations from which they can carry out their basic banking activities. Displaying to the public a progressive image of the Bank. Although set up primarily to provide a vital customer service, cost effectiveness of ATMs and SDMs improves progressively in proportion to their utilization. The aim must therefore be: To make every personal accountholder a debit cardholder and, To direct all corporate customer to the CDMs for their cash / cheque deposit. 2.3 Challenges One of the most challenges that effect ATMs as will as CDMs is security. The global problem of ATMs / CDMs fraud is constantly evolving word wide, while the industry is trying to battle in all fronts. Fraudsters have been innovative and evolve new techniques starting from a simple card trapping, cash swap to sophisticated techniques like skimming, card trapping, cash tapping etc. and brute force attacks. Fraudsters have been moving to markets which are considered less non-EMV or non-CHIP markets. The card associations, ATM Vendors, financial institution all have been working together to combat this fraud. By taking a few measures Bank Dhofar could do a bit in combating this menace and improve customer confidence in the popular ATMs / CDMs channel. 3.0 HPS Power Card 3.1 Introduction One of the main things that Bank Dhofar is trying to achieve is improving the existing product and this we can find it clear when Bank Dhofar introduce the Power Card. Power Card is an ATM Switch and Debit Management System supplied by High Tech Payment Systems (HPS), Morocco. It will replace the existing legacy system call Sparrow from CR2. Power CARD can be accessed using Internet Explorer. It will be initially accessible Card Center, Operation Department, Call Centre, Retail Banking, IT and branches. 3.2 What are the primary objectives of this project and implementation? Improving customer service at Card / Call Center, improved operations and MIS such as SMS alerts for ATM customers, new services like EMV acquiring, EMV issuing, Balance Enquiry on international ATMs outside GCC, enabling of debit cards on Internet, security and compliance with International Payment Network mandates. The new system is already certified for EMV (Europay / MasterCard/Visa) which would enable Bank Dhofar to issue CHIP based debit card and also accept CHIP based international VISA Card on our ATMs. A Debit / Credit Cared is a bank card used to make electronic withdrawal of cash through Automated Teller Machines (ATM) or pay for goods and services at point-of sales terminal or on the world- Wide web (internet) or obtain cash advances from ATM, up to- agreed credit limits. 4.0 New Call Center Service WISAL The field of relation design has increased its concentrate to know how systems of technology-based products are implemented (Forlizzi, J. 2007). Life become fast and Bank Dhofar focus on that by offer new service that helps his customers to reach the Bank and finish his need on faster way, so they introduce new service all Wisal. Wisal is a toll free service offered by Bank Dhofar Call Center it allows the customer to contact Call Center using special identification number to request some services It is a latest offering comes in line with the banks strategy to move closer to its clients and provide convenient, fast and customer friendly services. WISAL is backed by state of the technology to enable it to become an efficient and effective touch point and deliver channel. The staffs of WISAL are highly trained to deliver the kind of quality services that hopefully will help bank to gain more customers and retain existing ones. WISAL Services will include: General Inquiries Loan Inquiries Chaque Book Request Product Service Information Credit Card Balance Other Related Inquiries Complaint Handling Resolution Money Transfer ATM Transaction Inquires And moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 5.0 Internet Banking Bank Dhofar is one of a leading banks in Oman that introduce Internet banking to reduce the transaction cost and improve customers satisfaction, where there is combined relationship between customer and internet banking affecting the bank achievement. Bank Dhofar and other banks in Oman introduce internet banking to fulfill customers different requests specially when technology allow that aiming to enhance customer satisfaction, attracting those new customers and bring back existing ones. Majority of world banks and local especially in Oman like bank Dhofar are provide their customers by variety internet free service in order to promote the customer to transfer to electronic method rather than using the traditional one. In 2002 a research on Internet bankers shone that 37% of online banking services directive to 18 % of European peoples. Research also expected the number will reach the double bringing new generation of self services while such research was absent in my country. Bank Dhofar online services have design to satisfy customers by offering Varity of services like:- Paying utility bills Order cheque book Have account statement Check the balance account Check payment and receiving See the bank product Recently, bank dhofar tend to educate his customers by deploying his staff across Oman to satisfy them and meet bank expectation. 6.0 Self Service Module of Helps Desk The bank has installed IT Help Desk Software in the IT division (ITD) to track and control the software, ATM, Network and hardware related support request received by IT Department from branches and head office departments. This will further improve the quality of service from ITD to IT users in the bank. The IT Help Desk system is an internal software application used to track all support calls / request received by ITD in a centralized, searchable database for easy reference by IT staff, enabling quick resolution to issues and simplifying the tracking of issues. The staff branches and head office will be able to input their support call / requests using Web based system. As the request is input by the user staff, the system generate a work order history for future reference. 7.0 Finding Many financial institution may facing some technical problems in designing new systems or product that enhance operation activities but Bank Dhofar has achieve good performance in introducing new IT technology to serve his customer very will, offer new and chosen product and concentrate on IT Technology aiming to provide better service, reduce the cost, improve productivities and satisfied the customers. As a branch manager with 14 years in banking sector I observed that e-channel especially like ATM has played most important role to improved customer satisfaction, display e-banking knowledge and develop customer attitude from banking services. Recently customer has improved his knowledge about bank product and services through understanding the important of e-channel and how it make easy of banking transaction to save customer time meanwhile, bank dhofar has deployed ATM and other e-channel in Oman to satisfied itself through reducing bank expenses on transaction and satisfied his customer by reduce waiting time in branches. 8.0 Conclusion Report has focused on Bank Dhofar experience in implementing the successful of one operation management aspect Lean Management and how it solve many operational problem which lead to enhance the Bank productivity and achieve customer satisfactions. 9.0 Recommendation One of good thing that Bank Dhofar planned to achieve is introduce new IT technology to maximize the benefits and meet new business challenges, this true but during this investigation I find that Bank Dhofar still need to focus on the technology of this century Like using internet banking to provide faster communication that enhances Bank success. Because its the latest technology that occupied the country last deceit and number of using internet is expanded daily.

Revolution :: essays research papers

The Revolutions of 1848 were a series of political and economic revolts that took place in Europe because of a recession and abuse of political power. The participants in the revolutions were the Poles, Danes, Germans, Italians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovaks, Hungarians, Croats, and the Romanians. The Revolutions of 1848 did change that countries government but the changes didn't last long. Although the changes didn't last long the revolutions did demonstrate that people could undermine the government, and create liberalism & socialism. The Revolutions first started out in France 1848 where the people wanted universal suffrage which was led by Louis Blanc. King Louis Philippe was overthrown and Louis Blanc's revolution established the second republic. The February revolution in France gave ideas to other countries in Europe which in turn started other revolutions. The February revolution in France also gave to Liberals in the German states the idea to make a proposal for a unified German country with a national parliament. But the old order was restored because the provisional government couldn't decide on a constitution for the new government. The Italian states of Europe also had a revolution which made Pope Pius IX flee Italy. This gave a leader of unification, Gieuseppe Mazzini the chance to unify Italy. This plot of Mazzini was a failure because of the Italians overwhelming protectiveness of their independence. Within the Austrian Empire there was increased Nationalism among the Czechs, Hungarians, Germans, and other groups. This increased Nationalism in March of 1848 led to riots and the

My Math Teacher, Mrs. Ladd Essay -- Personal Narratives Mathematics Es

My Math Teacher, Mrs. Ladd When thinking back and remembering all of the teachers that I have had in the past, there is one in particular that comes to mind. Her name was Mrs. Ladd. She taught math at the junior high school. Mrs. Ladd was not the most popular, funniest, hardest, easiest, nicest, nor the meanest teacher. I remember her for some other reasons. When I think of Mrs. Ladd, I think about how hard she made me work. But I also think about how she made me challenge myself. Most of all, I remember how she influenced me. To begin with, Mrs. Ladd gave us homework every night. Even if there was a holiday or a weekend, homework was assigned and due the following school day. She would collect it and grade it. If a student had forgotten it at home or in their locker, that meant a homework grade of zero. She was tough. She always told us, "If you do your homework, then you can ask questions. When you ask questions and participate in class, you will learn more." Normal Normal Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd When thinking back and remembering all of the teachers that I have had in the past, there is one in particular that comes to mind. Her name was Mrs. Ladd. She taught math at the junior high school. Mrs. Ladd was not the most popular, funniest, hardest, easiest, nicest, nor the meanest teacher. I remember her for some other reasons. When I think of Mrs. Ladd, I think about how hard she made me work. But I also think about how she made me challenge myself. Most of all, I remember how she influenced me. To begin with, Mrs. Ladd gave us homework every night. Even if there was a holiday or a weekend, homework was assigned and due the following school day. She would collect it and grade it. If a student had forgotten it at home or in their locker, that meant a homework grade of zero. She was tough. She always told us, "If you do your homework, then you can ask questions. When you ask questions and participate in class, you will learn more." Normal Normal Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd When thinking back and remembering all of the... ...tp://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm Normal Normal Heading 1 Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 2 Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number Hyperlink Hyperlink LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand "C:My DocumentsLes Miserables.docà ¿䀃老à ­ Times New Roman Times New Roman Symbol Symbol Debra LeGrand Debra LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand Debra LeGrand LeGrand Normal LeGrand Microsoft Word 8.0 Debra LeGrand _PID_GUID _PID_HLINKS {4EF525CA-CC4B-11D5-8CE0-CD426C5AD85F} {4EF525CA-CC4B-11D5-8CE0-CD426C5AD85F} http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.stageagent.com/cb/info.pl/ti/les_miserables http://www.stageagent.com/cb/info.pl/ti/les_miserables Root Entry 1Table 1Table WordDocument WordDocument SummaryInformation SummaryInformation DocumentSummaryInformation DocumentSummaryInformation CompObj CompObj ObjectPool ObjectPool Microsoft Word Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.8

Ambition :: essays research papers

That formidable force that makes one believe that one needs what one usually only desires; that mind-set that is really more of an entity that sits on ones shoulder, and relentlessly screams â€Å"further, further†; that asset that makes those who are not zealous, jealous... That is ambition.Ambition has been the backbone of every army! Through those great ancient Egyptian wars, through Persia, through Hastings, through Waterloo, through the native American/greedy colonist battles, through the world-wars, through the Balkans, and through every other great conflict that has ever existed but that I am unable to cite, each party was blessed by pure and passionate ambition...ambition to win at whatever cost necessary. Surely only the collective force of ambition found in a battle is liable to cause as much suffering and damage as has been caused by all battles that have ever been lost or won? Even the weakest, most injured warrior who persevered has been touched not by insanity, but by raw ambition, and even the most perturbed and exasperated warlord is supported not by his schemes, but by the ambition to realise them.Ambition is the ultimate wonder of the world! Ambition made all seven of them and more...shouldn’t it be regarded as their veritable (no matter how intangible) superior? From the conception to the design to the construction to the completion, ambition was the proverbial foreman, as once again we see that collective zeal create a phenomenon...thus...Ambition is the source of all that is good and all that is evil! It makes the wonders and it makes the wars.Ambition is the winner and loser of every game! Every footballer, every chess player, every marathon runner, every duck-legged Olympic walker smells of fervour which seeps from the pores of their ambition.When years of dedication pass the baton to ambition, there is a sage to be reckoned with. One only wonders why in spite of the eternal paradoxical query â€Å"what would happen if an irresistible force met with an irresistible force?†, someone always has to lose?Ambition makes you healthy, wealthy, and wise! Doesn’t it? Observe this immortal quotation of Henry Ford:"Whether you think you can or you think you cannot, you are right"The truth he successfully conveys is that we are the scribes of our own destiny. It is ambition that makes us think we can be successful, and lack of ambition that makes us think we cannot.

The Sociological Imagination – Obesity in United States

Obesity has become a large and dark reality in United States. For someone who does not have sociological imagination being overweight is the result of bad personal choices or genetic predisposition. Being overweight might have been the result of past individual struggles that were caused by wrong individual decision-making or behavior. For those who get the interplay of the heart of sociological imagination this is a complex social issue that is the result of patterns of modern economic and social life. Obesity’s effect in society can be seeing in the number of life-long and potentially life-threatening diseases and conditions, like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. People who get sociological imagination would most likely blame how the increase in these diseases put pressure on the health care system in the United States; thus, causing the taxation of already overcrowded hospitals and overworked health care professionals. They might also think that the impact on obesity is linked to diseases that contribute to early death and create an economic burden. A sociological imagination might blame these to the public policies that contribute to the problem are restaurant industries that serve inexpensive and easy-access foods with high calories and low nutrition. A demographer is someone who statistically studies the human population. According to Dr. Crosnoe, in order to compare different populations, we need national or international data. As a demographer, I want to find out the rate of obesity in each state, what ethnicity and race has the highest obesity rate, and the lifespan in United States. I would survey the human population in the United Sates to find the characteristics of the population in obesity. According to CDC report, non-Hispanic black is at 36. 8% and Hispanics is at 30. 7%. Thus, a demographer might hypothesizes that family influence is the causes of obesity. Too often Americans eat out; consume large meals and high-fat foods, and put taste and convenience ahead of nutrition. I can use this survey to rank racial groups in the United States. I can look at the trend of lifestyle behaviors such as what a person eats and his or her level of physical activity. Obesity continues to be a major health problem in the United States, leading to high rates of mortality. A historical sociologist is someone who studies trends across time using historical data. As a historical sociologist I want to know the factors that causes obesity, change in lifestyle. As a historical sociologist might hypothesizes that technology changes affect the obesity rate to go up since the 80s. I can look at how technology has made our lives easier and at the same time, made people lazy. For example, today, more people drive long distances to work instead of walking, live in neighborhoods without sidewalks, tend to eat out or get take out instead of cooking, or have vending machines with high-calorie, high-fat snacks at their workplace. Health-care providers must pay closer attention to obesity, and importantly, do their part to prevent obesity by focusing on children and adolescents who are only slightly or moderately overweight.

Principles Of Positive Risk Essay

Principles of positive risk taking for individuals with disabilities Outcome 1 Know the importance of risk taking in everyday life for individuals with disabilities 1.1- identify aspects of everyday life in which risk plays a part Risk Taking: individual; social; organisational; environmental 1.2- identify aspects of everyday life in which, traditionally, individuals with disabilities were not encouraged to take risks Traditional lack of encouragement: risks in everyday life; traditional roles and activities; carer controls; health and safety, compensation culture. 1.3- outline the consequences for individuals with disabilities of being prevented or discouraged from taking risks Prevention of risk taking: consequences e.g. negative, timidity, reticence, dependence, skills development, exclusion. 1.4- explain how supporting individuals to take risks can enable them to have choice over their lives to: †¢ gain in self-confidence see more:identify aspects of everyday life in which risk plays a part †¢ develop skills †¢ take an active part in their community. Supporting risk taking: confidence building; skill developing; inclusivity; independence. Outcome 2 Understand the importance of positive, person-centred risk assessment 2.1- explain how a person-centred approach to risk assessment can have a more positive outcome than traditional approaches Approaches: traditional medical model of disability, the person as an object, restricting, inhibiting, negative; person-centred social model of disability, enabling, empowering, informing, positive. 2.2- identify the features of a person-centred approach to risk assessment Person-centred approach: decision making processes; risk minimisation and preparation; short-term risk, long-term gain; guidance, support and involvement; promoting opportunity 2.3- describe ways in which traditional risk assessments have tended to have a negative focus. Traditional risk assessments, a negative focus: situation avoidance; potential for harm; social and cultural barriers, discrimination, exclusion. Outcome 3 Know how legislation and policies are relevant to positive risk taking 3.1- identify legislation and policies which promote the human rights  of individuals with disabilities Legislation and policies: ‘Valuing People Now’ 2001; ‘Putting People First’ 2007; Human Rights Act 1998; Mental Health Act 2007; Mental Capacity Act 2005; the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Amendment) Regulations 2003; Disability Discrimination Act 2005; Safeguarding Children and Vulnerable Adults policies. 3.2- describe how to use a human rights based approach to risk management. Human rights based approach to risk management: responsibility balancing; advocacy; direct payments; personalised services; person centred planning, support planning Outcome 4 Understand how to support individuals with disabilities in decisions about risk-taking 4.1- explain the connection between an individual’s right to take risks and their responsibilities towards themselves and others Rights and responsibilities: maximising quality of life while maintaining safety; responsibilities to self and others, social, emotional, physical. 4.2- outline how the principle of ‘duty of care’ can be maintained whilst supporting individuals to take risks Duty of Care: best interest; defensible decision making; contextualising behaviour; identification of positive and negative risks 4.3- describe ways of enabling individuals with disabilities to make informed choices about taking risks Enabling informed choices: use of illustrated templates, flow charts, information sheets; technology; the right to make ‘bad’ decisions; planning alternatives 4.4- outline the particular challenges that may arise when supporting individuals to make decisi ons if they have had limited previous experience of making their own decisions Limited experience: perception and understanding of risk; task analysis; perception of the views of others. 4.5- explain the potential positive and negative consequences of the choices made about taking risks Consequences of choice: positive and negative; to the individual; to others; social, moral, legal 4.6-describe what action to take if an individual decides to take an unplanned risk that places him/herself or others in immediate or imminent danger Unplanned risks: progress checks; monitoring; intervention; explanations; evaluation; future planning 4.7 explain why it is important to record and report all incidents, discussions and decisions concerning risk taking. Reporting and recording:  importance and requirements; accountability; responsibility; individual, collective; confidentiality Outcome 5 Understand how to support individuals with disabilities to manage identified risks 5.1- explain the importance of including risks in the individual’s support plan Support plans: recognising valued life-style; identifying risk awareness; written consent 5.2- explain why it is important to review risks in the individual’s support plan Reviewing risks: importance and value, progression of individual 5.3- outline why it is important to communicate and work in a consistent way with all those supporting the individual Communicating and working with others: shared values; information sharing; goals and targets; multi-disciplinary working; problems with inconsistencies 5.4- describe ways of supporting individuals with disabilities to test out the risk they wish to take. Testing risks: contingency planning; experiencing with support; reducing support.