Nursing Theorist Essay Example for Free

Nursing Theorist EssayFormulate 3 nursing diagnoses exploitation the Problem, Etiology, and Signs and Symptoms (PES) format and the taxonomy of NANDA. The diagnoses must be based on the case study, be appropriate, be prioritized, and be formatted correctly.For each nursing diagnosis, state 2 desired outcomes employ NOC criteria. coveted outcomes must be longanimous-centered and measurable within an identified timeframe.For each outcome, state 2 nursing interventions using NIC criteria as nearly as 1 evaluation method. Interventions and the evaluation method must be appropriate to the desired outcomes. Provide rationale for each nursing diagnosis, and explain how PES, NANDA, NOC, and NIC apply to each diagnosis. commit a minimum of 3 peer-reviewed resources, and create an APA formatted reference page.Nursing Diagnosis 1 Urinary Retention R/T AnesthesiaNursing InterventionsDesired Outcome 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention Visually inspect and palpate lower abdomen for dis tention (Mosby 2012).Patients abdominal girth will not increase and distention will decrease. Patient will remain free of abdominal suffering r/t urinary retention. Nursing Intervention 2 Urinary Catheterization (Mosby 2012) Patient will empty bladder 30ml an hourPatient will demonstrate clean technique if performing self-catheterization. Evaluation methodMeasure input and output hourly to obtain accurate measurements. Make sure catheter is free of kinks to allow in for proper drainage RationaleKeeping accurate records of I/O will ensure that the patient is evacuating properly. Ensuring patient is free of pain will promote less solicitude and keep vital signs within range. Educating patient on clean technique will promote an environment with less bacteria and keep risk of exposure of infection lower.Nursing Diagnosis 2 Risk for Infection/RT Urinary CatheterDesired Outcome 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention 1 Infection ControlPatient remains free of infection, as evidenced by normal vital signs, and absence of purulent drainage from wounds, incisions, and tubes (Mosby 2012). Infection is recognized early to allow for prompt treatment (Mosby 2012). Nursing Intervention 2 Infection ProtectionTeach patient to wash hands often, especially afterwards toileting, before meals, and before and after administering self- lot (Mosby 2012). Teach patient importance of eating well balanced meals to promote healthy nutritional status. Evaluation method pass judgment patient perform self-care as to promote further education. Allow patient to verbalize and demonstrate understanding of proper nutrition andsigns of infection. RationalePatients with indwelling catheters impoverishment to be shown clean techniques when being discharged home. Educating patient on proper hand washing will promote clean environment and keep patients risk of infection lower. Educating patient on the early signs of infection will promote prompt medical intervention. Educating patient on pr oper nutrition and importance of well balanced meals will promote faster healing of incision and lower patients risk of infection.Nursing Diagnosis 3 Pain R/T surgical painDesired Outcome 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention 1Anticipate need for pain relief (Mosby 2012)Anticipating pain may result in medicating at a lower dose to keep patient comfortable. Maintaining a level of comfort where the patient is not mendicity for relief. Keeping vital signs stable while maintaining the patient comfortable. Nursing Intervention 2Respond immediately to complaint of pain (Mosby 2011)Creates a trusting family with patient to ensure open lines of communication. Allows the patient to know that you are empathetic to their discomfort and that they are not alone. Evaluation methodEvaluate scheduled clock of practice of medicine administration. Round hourly on the patient as to reassure the patient that their needs will be met. Educate patient on medication administration time so they are not waiting until their pain is at a level 8 before they ask for relief. Evaluate the responses from the patient as to ensure that they are feeling comfortable with the care. RationaleAnticipating pain will allow the nurse to be on time for the patient in pain. Creating that trusting relationship with the patient will allow open lines of communication with the patient which will in turn allow for better care and outcome. Educating a patient on when to ask for medication will ensure that the patient never reaches a level of extreme pain. Treating your patient with compassion and empathy will allow for the patient to feel satisfied with the care they are receiving and create a trusting relationship.ReferenceSwearingen, P. L. (2012). All-in-one care planning resource medical-surgical, pediatric,maternity, psychiatric nursing care plans (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PAElsevier/Mosby.Gulanick, M. (2011). Nursing care plans diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes (7thed.). St. Louis, Mo. Elsevier Mosby.Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F. (2002). Nursing care plans guidelines forindividualizing patient care (6th ed.). Philadelphia F.A. Davis.

On the sidewalk bleeding Essay Example for Free

On the sidewalk bleeding EssaySixteen year old, Andy Anderson, was found dead 300 am in the morning by his girlfriend Laura. Andy Anderson a member of a gang that refer to themselves as the ROYALS recently got stabbed by another gang group the GUARDIANS. This resultant took place in a dark alley right in front Alfredos, a local corner store. The police think that andy was stabbed around 1130 p.m. and slowly bled to death. He was stabbed with a knife just below his rib cage. Due to some evidences weve gathered at the scene and witnesses we spoke to, we gestate some major leads on this crime scene. Our first witness was a 32 year old man, luke lucas, who was sorry that he was too drunk to take in that andy was dying. I only wish I would have been sober, I would of been able to help. He said during his interview. Our next witnesses were two teens, they saw Andy lying down on the sidewalk bleeding and wanted to help until they saw his bright purple ROYALS jacket. The two teens d id not want to get mixed up in mingled with these two gangs. We are still asking them further questions on this because we feel that were not getting the whole story. This devastating tragic event really shows the extreme point dangers of gang violence. When the police saw Andys ROYALS jacket that he had taken off, they knew that this wasnt just a random act of violence, and that this was a planned attack. What a expense to pay for being in a teen death, what a tragedy. Police would like anyone with any kind of information with any kind of information to get hold of 69 division or to leave an anonymous tip for crime stoppers. Andys funeral will be held at Holy Redeemer Roman Catholic Church in Ottawa Sunday afternoon. Donations are being accepted by the Youth Services Bureau of Ottawa in the teens honour.

Defining A Therapeutic Relationship Between Patient And Nurse Nursing Essay

Defining A Therapeutic Relationship Between Patient And Nurse Nursing EssayIn this naming the author is going to explore what is a therapeutic birth, by defining it and describing what elements and skills are necessary to uph antiquated an efficient therapeutic relationship with a uncomplaining. The denomination sh every last(predicate) explore how Multi disciplinary teams contribute to achieving a therapeutic relationship. It further will explore what governs a therapeutic relationship according to the code of practice come down by the nursing political science body, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), putting into consideration what is expected from halts as health professionals. Being Self aware is a essential attribute in order to maintain a therapeutic relationship, so the writer shall give a brief definition of what self awareness is ,and let off the significance of being self aware within a therapeutic relations and relate it to an incident that happened in pract ice that made them to a greater extent self aware.The therapeutic relationship is fundamental to the misgiving of a tolerant and was described in the 1950s by famous psych otherapist Carl Rodgers .Rogers defines it as a dowry relationship, A relationship in which one of the participants intends that there should come to the highest degree, in one or both parties, more appreciation of, more expression of, more functional use of the latent inner resources of the soulfulness (Rodgers 1961). Other authors sire come up with various definitions but they are all closely connect to that of Rodgers, Jane Stein-Parbury (2000) suggests it is unilateral because the nurse maintains most control and it is usually short or average duration, with the patient facing a non threatening situation. However (Stuart 2001) defined a therapeutic relationship As a mutual learning experience and a corrective, emotional experience for the patient (cited in Cutliffe and Mckenna 2005.P.304)For a therapeut ic relationship to work legally, certain elements select to be upheld and followed, such as showing warmth towards your patient, being treasureful by showing the patient that they are individual and a unique being. Dignity of the patient puts the patient at ease and they feel more valued and may in turn open up more to the nurse which aids their treatment. Demonstrating professionalism assures the patient that they are in capable hands and will effectively build trust about your capabilities. Carl Rodgers highlighted that the three hollow components of a therapeutic relationship are empathy, which is defined as a continuing process whereby the counsellor lay aside her own way of experiencing and perceiving reality, preferring to common sense and respond to the experience and perceptions of her client. (Mearns and Thorne, 2005, p.41) Where there is lack of empathy expression, patients may be left with a sense of isolation, which welcome an effect on their treatment plan. The s econd life-and-death element that was highlighted by Rodgers as being essential is having unconditional haughty regard towards patients or client which is a label given to the fundamental situation of the person-centred counsellor towards her client. The counsellor who holds this attitude provides care for the individual irrespective of what beliefs and set the individual (patient) may hold. (Mearns and Thorne,2005 p 64).In other words unconditional positive regards is being non judgmental towards a patient regardless of what the care provider believes or set themselves. Unconditional positive regard should ideally commence on the onset the relationship between patient and nurse. Other elements that constitute a therapeutic relationship include, maintaining confidentiality, and treating people as individuals at all time, nifty drop keeping (NMC 2008).For Therapeutic relationships to be successfully applied and implemented, nurses have to acquire certain skills to achieve thi s. To instate a strong therapeutic relationship a practician should consider their interpersonal communication skills with the patient. There are two forms of interpersonal communication skills, which are non-verbal and verbal communication.Non-verbal communication skills are a very effective way to convey a message, empathy and active earshot. Egan formulated a communication tool which aids to effective non-verbal communication skill, the skills are summarized by the acronym SOLER, meaning session squarely with an open posture, leaning forward to show your interest maintaining eye contact at all times showing that you are relaxed, not fidgeting nervously. argyll (1994) suggested the main forms of non-verbal communication as, facial expression, gaze, body movement, gesture, partial behaviour, clothing and behaviour. (Cited by Rana, Upton, 2009, ).Verbal skills are too, an essential part of interpersonal communication, these include techniques such as paraphrasing this is where by a nurse rephrases what has been stated by the patient into their own words, i.e. by saying in other words. (Jane Stein -Parbury). Other methods of active listening are to parrot what the patient has said this shows you have clearly heard what they have said. Practitioners should also be able to know when to use open and close questions in the appropriate manner and time, for this skill can easily perceived as uncaring and unprofessional when not adopted carefully. In conclusion to what has been talked about, nurse and patient should reflect on what they said. Heron (2001) stated that a there are six tools of a clients needs. Herons model has two basic categories, authoritative and facilitative. These two categories further breakdown into a total six categories to describe how people intervene when helping.Authoritative Interventions are Prescriptive, which is giving advice, Informative where you provide information to consume the other person, Confronting- you challenge the other persons behaviour in an unaggressive attitude. Facilitative Interventions include Cathartic-you help the other person to express and overcome thoughts or emotions that they have not previously confronted. Catalytic- You help the other person reflect, and they become more self-directed in making decisions. Supportive- You build up the confidence of the other person by focusing on their competences, qualities and achievements.A multi disciplinary team (MDTs) is important in the care of a patient. A multi disciplinary team is a conclave of professionals from dissimilar disciplines, who have a role in contributing to an assessment of an individuals needs. This should include two health professionals, i.e. nurse, clinician or therapist, as well as a representative from social care redevelopments, i.e. a social worker (NHS 2010). Chan (2004) argued that the main mechanism is to ensure truly holistic care for patients and a seamless service for patients throughout their disease trajecto ry and across the boundaries of primary, secondary and tertiary care. Multi disciplinary teams ensure a continuum in patients care and can be 24 hours. distinct professions bring different type of care to the patient. MDTs can however come to conflict, if they demonstrate allegiance to their profession.Junor, Hole Gillis (1994) states that multidisciplinary team working is known to maximise clinical effectiveness, Multi disciplinary teams have enabled health professionals to adopt the clinical care pathways where different teams within the organization outline anticipated care, place an appropriate timeframe, to help a patient with a specific condition or set of symptoms move progressively through a clinical experience to positive outcomes. In a multi disciplinary team within a healthcare setting, one may expect to work with doctors, social workers, psychologists, occupational therapists, health care assistants (HCAs) and other tie in professions.A therapeutic relationship within nursing follows the code of professional code of practice which was set by Nursing and Midwifery Council NMC, which acts as the governing body for nurses and midwives in the United Kingdom which was formed in 2002 by parliament. Its main objective is to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the public,(NMC 2008).The NMC outlines that Nurses should always uphold the patients respect at all times, it states that nurses should always treat people as individuals and respect their dignity. Nurses should respect patient confidentiality, and uphold it at all times, breach of confidentiality can conk to serious consequences for health professionals (NMC 2008) including disciplinary actions such as suspension or being struck off the NMC register. Consent is very important in patient care its the opening avenue for any care that follows. NMC states the every adult must be presumed to have the mental capacity to consent or disdain treatment. Patient care is always going through different mu lti disciplinary teams therefore accurately record keeping is crucial, it should be factual ,not falsified, and clearly readable (NMC 2010), these are some of the factors that insure accurate information is passed on to different care givers to maximise effective care for the patient.Nurses endure different feelings and emotions when interacting or treating patients, which calls for them to be more self aware, Duval and Wuckland defines self awareness as a state in which one is aware of oneself as an object, much as one index be aware of a tree or another person (cited by Rana and Upton 2009. p142).For a nurse to be self aware they need to treat each patient as individuals and present themselves appropriately. Patients have a plethora of beliefs and values, which always come into play in any given care setting. Beliefs can be associated with patients religion and culture, such as that of Muslims, to only eat halaal meat, a nurse has to be aware of this dietary requirement and hono ur it. equally beliefs also play a vital role in the treatment of a patient, so a provision to fulfil this should be met at all time, i.e. providing a chapel in the hospital.Values of a patient are crucial when in care. Downie, R. S. 1990 stated that values are preferences based on beliefs about objects, persons, or situations and are accompanied by feelings of approval or disapproval. Patients of a different culture will most certainly have different values based on what they were brought up on. On any given care setting, the way in which nurses present themselves to patients is of utmost importance, their body posture is a diminutive aid to supplement being self aware, and nurses can use SOLER (Egan 2001) to ensure they achieve this.In practice, the author recalls an incident when a 92 year old madam was referred to their practice for assessment on every Wednesday of the week. On arrival the lady would engage in social activities with fellow patients. The staff provide the lady with a menu relevant to her culture of West Indian background, The staff fulfilled their role in being self aware on her values and diversity, During the meal, staff began to talk about a holiday abroad and how the food made their bowel move rapidly, and how they really found the food disgusting.The lady did initially try to express her frustration of the conversations the staff were having whilst she was trying to enjoy. She eventually stopped having her meal as she found it not appetizing anymore, staff recorded that the patient had poor dietary at dinner time, and they were not self aware that they were the catalyst for the poor intake of her food. Had the staff been more self aware of their presentations, they would have considered that different cultures have different table manners.In conclusion an effective therapeutic relationship is accomplished by good verbal and non verbal communication. Respecting individuality, beliefs, values, this promotes good recovery and openness between nurse and patient. A therapeutic relationship is not just between a patients and nurse but can, and often extends to other multi disciplinary teams. The therapeutic relationship can never be stated as fully complete, but can be made more effective, because different patients have different opinions i.e. different experiences in previous care, and different values and beliefs.

With The Help Of Bcg Matrix Marketing Essay

With The Help Of Bcg Matrix market placeing EssayIn the late 1960s a consultant for the Boston Consulting Group presented his ideas about currency deficient and fruit deficient businesses and the need for a balance between cash generators and cash users.In 1968, BCG created the addition-shargon matrix, a simple chart to assist huge corpo balancens in deciding how to allocate cash among their business units. The corporation would categorize its business units as Stars, change Cows, disbelief Marks, and Dogs (originally Pets), and then allocate cash accordingly, go money from cash cows toward stars and caput attach that had exalteder grocery offset rates, and hence higher upside authorization.The growth-share matrix was intended to analyze a portfolio from a corporate perspective because it is only at that level that cash balance is meaningful. A business may, however, be segmented further using this symptomatic tool to understand the positions of its various product lin es or market segments. This portfolio hatful therefore be made up of products in a multi-product company, divisions in a multidivisional company and companies in a conglomerate.The BCG Growth-Share Matrix is based on the observation that a companys business units can be classified into four categories based on combinations of market growth and market share coitus to the largest competitor, hence the name growth-share. Market growth serves as a proxy for attention attractiveness, and relative market share serves as a proxy for competitive advantage. The growth-share matrix thus maps the business unit positions within these two important determinants of profitabilityIt is the most far-famed corporate portfolio analysis tool. It provides a graphic representation for an organization to examine different businesses in its portfolio on the basis of their related market share and constancy growth rates. It is a two dimensional analysis on management of SBUs (Strategic Business Units) . In new(prenominal) words, it is a comparative analysis of business potential and the evaluation of environment.For individually product or service, the area of the circle represents the value of its sales. The BCG Matrix thus offers a map of the organizations product (or service) strengths and weaknesses, at least in terms of current profitability, as well as the likely cash flows.The need which prompted this idea was, indeed, that of managing cash-flow. It was reasoned that one of the main indicators of cash generation was relative market share, and one which pointed to cash usage was that of market growth rate.Derivatives can also be utilize to create a product portfolio analysis of services. So Information System services can be treated accordingly.Relative market shareThis indicates likely cash generation, because the higher the share the more cash will be god. As a result of economies of scale (a basic assumption of the BCG Matrix), it is assumed that these earnings will grow faster the higher the share. The lead measure is the brands share relative to its largest competitor. Thus, if the brand had a share of 20 percent, and the largest competitor had the same, the ratio would be 11. If the largest competitor had a share of 60 percent however, the ratio would be 13, implying that the organizations brand was in a relatively weak position. If the largest competitor only had a share of 5 percent, the ratio would be 41, implying that the brand owned was in a relatively strong position, which might be reflected in profits and cash flows. If this technique is used in practice, this scale is logarithmic, non linear.On the another(prenominal) hand, exactly what is a high relative share is a matter of some debate. The best certainty is that the most stable position (at least in Fast Moving Consumer GoodsFMCGmarkets) is for the brand leader to have a share double that of the second brand, and triple that of the third. Brand leaders in this position tend to be real stable-and profitable.The reason for choosing relative market share, rather than further profits, is that it carries more information than just cash flow. It shows where the brand is positioned against its main competitors, and indicates where it might be likely to go in the future. It can also show what type of marketing activities might be expected to be effective.Relative Market Share= SBU Sales this year leading competitors sales this year.Market growth rateRapidly growing in rapidly growing markets, are what organizations strive for but, as we have seen, the penalty is that they are ordinarily net cash users they require investment funds. The reason for this is often because the growth is being bought by the high investment, in the reasonable expectation that a high market share will eventually turn into a phonate investment in future profits. The theory behind the matrix assumes, therefore, that a higher growth rate is indicative of accompanying demands on inve stment. The cut-off point is usually chosen as 10 per cent per annum. Determining this cut-off point, the rate above which the growth is deemed to be significant (and likely to lead to extra demands on cash) is a critical requirement of the technique and again makes the use of the BCG Matrix problematical in some product areas. What is more, the evidence,from FMCG markets at least, is that the most typical pattern is of very low growth, less than 1 per cent per annum. This is outside the range normally considered in BCG Matrix work, which may make application of this form of analysis infeasible in many markets.Where it can be applied, however, the market growth rate says more about the brand position than just its cash flow. It is a penny-pinching indicator of that markets strength, of its future potential (of its maturity in terms of the market life-cycle), and also of its attractiveness to future competitors. It can also be used in growth analysis.Market Growth Rate= Industry sa les this year Industry Sales last year.The analysis requires that both measures be calculated for each SBU. The dimension of business strength, relative market share, will measure comparative advantage indicated by market dominance. The key theory underlying this is existence of an down curve and that market share is achieved due to overall cost leadership.BCG matrix has four cells, with the horizontal bloc representing relative market share and the vertical axis de noning market growth rate. The mid-point of relative market share is set at 1.0. if all the SBUs are in same industry, the average growth rate of the industry is used. While, if all the SBUs are located in different industries, then the mid-point is set at the growth rate for the economy.Resources are allocated to the business units according to their situation on the grid. The four cells of this matrix have been called as stars, cash cows, question marks and dogs. Each of these cells represents a particular type of business.growth_share_matrix.gifStars-Stars represent business units having large market share in a fast growing industry. They may generate cash but because of fast growing market, stars require huge investments to maintain their lead. simoleons cash flow is usually modest. SBUs located in this cell are attractive as they are located in a robust industry and these business units are highly competitive in the industry. If successful, a star will become a cash cow when the industry matures.Cash Cows-Cash Cows represents business units having a large market share in a mature, slow growing industry. Cash cows require little investment and generate cash that can be utilized for investment in other business units. These SBUs are the corporations key source of cash, and are specifically the nub business. They are the base of an organization. These businesses usually follow stability strategies. When cash cows lose their appeal and move towards deterioration, then a retrenchment policy m ay be pursued.Question Marks-Question marks represent business units having low relative market share and located in a high growth industry. They require huge amount of cash to maintain or gain market share. They require attention to determine if the venture can be viable. Question marks are generally new goods and services which have a good commercial prospective. There is no specific strategy which can be adopted. If the firm thinks it has dominant market share, then it can adopt expansion strategy, else retrenchment strategy can be adopted. Most businesses start as question marks as the company tries to enter a high growth market in which there is already a market-share. If ignored, then question marks may become dogs, while if huge investment is made, they may have potential of becoming stars.Dogs-Dogs represent businesses having weak market shares in low-growth markets. They neither generate cash nor require huge amount of cash. Due to low market share, these business units fac e cost disadvantages. Generally retrenchment strategies are adopted because these firms can gain market share only at the expense of competitors/rival firms. These business firms have weak market share because of high costs, poor quality, unable(p) marketing, etc. Unless a dog has some other strategic aim, it should be liquidated if there is fewer prospects for it to gain market share. Number of dogs should be avoided and minimized in an organization.fwk-tanner-fig02_017.jpgLimitations of BCG MatrixThe BCG Matrix produces a framework for allocating resources among different business units and makes it possible to compare many business units at a glance. But BCG Matrix is not free from limitations, such as-BCG matrix classifies businesses as low and high, but generally businesses can be medium also. Thus, the true nature of business may not be reflected.Market is not clearly defined in this model.High market share does not always leads to high profits. There are high costs also invo lved with high market share.Growth rate and relative market share are not the only indicators of profitability. This model ignores and overlooks other indicators of profitability.At times, dogs may help other businesses in gaining competitive advantage. They can earn even more than cash cows sometimes.This four-celled approach is considered as to be too simplistic.BCG Matrix of NestleAccording to Nestle, the relative market share and market growth rates of different products are given below- call offRelative Market ShareMarket Growth RateCerelac31.2%45%Nestle Milk21%39%Kit Kat19%34%Maggi Noodles18.76%64%Nestle Dahi3%12%Market GrowthStarCeralecNestle MilkKit KatCash Cowcartoon_cows.gifMaggi NoddlesDogNEWFOUNDLAND-DOG-LEO.jpgNestle DahiRelative Market ShareConclusionsCerelacCerelac is one of the leading baby food products. It has witnesses quite a long hold on market share and it s a major contributor for Nestle.Nestle Milk and Kit KatRelative market share of Nestle milk and Kit Kat is low as compared with its growth thats why they are lying under head Question mark.Maggi NoodlesGrowth rate of Maggi Noodles is low as compared with its Relative market share thats why they are lying under head Question mark.Nestle DahiIts both relative market share and growth rate are low as compared with other products thats why it is lying under head Dog.

Impacts Of Air Pollution On Living Beings Environmental Sciences Essay

Impacts Of Air Pollution On Living Beings Environmental Sciences EssayThe subject field is related to one of the most measurable problem which has to be dealt with in the environment, contamination. Our report commences with a brief introduction of contaminant. The report then explains what pedigree taint is and how various pollutants ca intakes circularize pollution. It is then followed by the impact of air pollution on living beings and the environment. It to a fault discusses how air pollution tooshie be prevented comparable using different energy sources, managing vehicles, decrease deforestation, etc. As the report progresses, it explains what water pollution is and the various sources which cause water pollution through electric pig of wastes. ..Furthermore, the report gives Dell as an example, an industry which highly contributes towards reducing pollution by taking some measures like, recycling products and minimizing waste during their procedures. The report then shows that fleck working towards reducing pollution, it still has some ill effects towards the environment. It is given that process dioxide helps in cooling the planet and carbon dioxide is also very crucial for plants. Thus, reduction of these gases in the environment still affects the environment. To round up our report, we conclude that rubber measures have to be taken by people such that we solely live a healthy life in a sustainable and a clean environment.IntroductionPollution can be defined as an adverse state or condition of the natural environment. When impurities and other contaminations affect the earths assets, pollution is caused. In most cases it is the human activities that increase the intensity of pollution in the environment. It is said by Richard Buckminster Fuller that Pollution is nothing but the resources we be not harvesting. We allow them to disperse because weve been ignorant of their value. Here, the writer has defined pollution to be a result of hu man ignorance towards the value of natural resources. With so much diversity in the environment, the presence of several(prenominal) kinds of pollution is also evident. The two of import classifications are Air pollution and Water Pollution. Each one has varied causes and preventive measures that are discussed further.Air PollutionWhen certain kinds of substances have been emitted into the atmosphere such that they have a damaging effect on humans as well as the environment, air pollution is caused (National Geographic Society, n.d).CausesThe substances causation air pollution are called pollutants. Various pollutants are responsible for this ongoing disaster however the chief pollutant is carbon dioxide. Even though, all living creatures exhale carbon dioxide, pollution is caused by the release of carbon dioxide from automobiles, aircrafts, industries and due to various other human actions that include burning of fuels like petroleum and coal. Statistics show that in the last cl years, the amount of carbon dioxide has increased tremendously as compared to earlier decades, and all of it due to activities executed by humans. Methane is also another, highly dangerous, green manse gas. This is emitted from several sources like swamps, animal waste and also from chlorofluorocarbons. Fortunately, the use of chlorofluorocarbons as aerosol propellants and refrigerants has been banned due to its destructive impact on the earths ozone layer. The other major pollutant causing drastic climatic issues is process dioxide that mainly is considered to cause pollution because of its presence in smog (National Geographic Society, n.d). Smog is composed of smoke and fog, and smoke consists of sulphur dioxide. Researchers have shown that smog causes the lining of the human nerves and throat to be stimulated. (National Air Emissions Inventory, 2008)ImpactsThe impact of air pollution towards both, living beings and the environment has been very high. For humans, air pollution proves to be highly lethal and life taking. The World Health Organization reports that about 2 million people are suffering from diseases and fatalities caused by polluted air. Continuous exposure to pollutants causes various respiratory and cardiac diseases like acute vascular dysfunction, pneumonia, wheezing, coughing, asthma, cardiopulmonary disease, heart attack and more (Borade, 2010)The environment is also significantly affected due to the substitute magnitude pollution rate. As mentioned earlier, global warming is being caused due to growing levels of green house gases. The green house gases have been creating certain kind of Holes in the ozone layer of the earths atmosphere. The ozone layer above Antarctica and the Arctic has already started overtaketing depleted, but if the pollution rate continues the way it is now, the depletion go away spread further over various other continents and nations. This dangerous depletion is allowing ultraviolet radiations to reach the ea rth. Hence damaging and destroying several plantations, crops, vegetations and more. Mankind is also severely affected, as these ultraviolet rays cause skin cancer and cataracts which mostly prove to be life taking diseases (Columbia University Press, 2007).Acid rain is another phenomena caused due to mixing of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide with atmospheric moisture, leading to formation of acids like sulphuric and nitric acid. In polluted countries, during monsoon, the rain which is otherwise supposed to be healthy for plants kind of creates a negative effect on them. Microorganisms present on plants and also in the soil that are responsible for plant respiration, growth, and other plant processes, get destroyed in this rain, hence leading to inhibiting plant growth (Maya et al, 1998). saloonA very effective way to prevent air pollution is the use of various other energy sources like solar energy, hydroelectric energy and wind energy. As technology is developing, solar wate r heaters are used to reach electricity and also for household use like the wind turbine (Sandhyarani. 2011). Planting trees can also prove to be of advantage. Deforestation has kept on increasing in recent times. Trees reduce pollution because they inhale carbon dioxide which is released by many automobiles, industries, and various other sources. It is very essential to plant trees as it is a natural source of reducing pollution (How to do things n.d.).A reduction in fuel usage can immensely reduce air pollution. Alternatives can be used instead of these sources for energy like solar or tidal energy which is natural and more eco friendly (How to do things n.d.). It is very important that the vehicles owned by people are well maintained and kept in good condition as it can also affect the environment. Regular help of cars and minimizing fuel exhaust can help reduce emission of pollutants to an extent. Also, whenever possible, using the public transport also contributes to prevent air pollution as the tot up of vehicles used reduces (Ways to Control Air Pollution 2010).Water PollutionWater pollution can be considered as any physical, biological, or chemical change in water prize that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses. The sources of water contamination can be natural, such as poison springs, oil seeps, and sedimentation from erosion. Apart from that water pollution can be caused by humans as well which affect water quality or usability. (Cunningham, 2001)CausesPollution-control standards and regulations usually distinguish between capitulum and nonpoint pollution sources. Factories, power plants, sewage treatment plants and oil wells can be regarded as point sources because they discharge pollution from specific locations, such as drain pipes, ditches, or sewer outfalls. These sources can be relatively easy to monitor and regulate and can be identified easily. It is generally possible to divert effluent from the waste streams of these sources and treat it before it enters the environment.On the other hand, nonpoint sources of water pollution are scatter or diffuse, having no specific location where they discharge into a particular body of water, non point sources include golf courses, lawns and gardens, construction sites, logging areas, roads, streets and parking lots. Nonpoint sources are often hard to regulate and monitor due to the irregular timing of certain events such as rainfall or drizzle which may rushing high concentrations of gasoline, lead, oil, and rubber residues off streets.Point sources can be fairly uniform and predictable throughout the year, whereas nonpoint sources are often highly episodic (Cunningham, 2001).ImpactsPreventionIndustry ApplicationOne very good example of an industry which contributes to prevent pollution is Dell. It was the No. 1 company in NEWSWEEKs 2010 Green Rankings (An American weekly news magazine published in New York City). The company focuses mainly towards minimizing environmental effects through regular process work do within the company like designing and disposing the product. It aims to minimize waste, reuse and recycle products and also to extend the products life span which reduces energy consumption (Michael. 2008). As compared to their laptops make in 2005, the new laptops use 25% lesser energy. It has recycled 7.2 million pounds of recycled plastic from previous customers to make new laptops and computers. With a purchase of new Dell laptops or peripherals, the company accepts used Dell products and also competitors products to recycle free of cost (Green Rankings The Top 10 in Newsweek, October 2010).Benefits from PollutantsAfter scanning through all air and water pollutants, it is observed that, knowing its ill effects, the presence of selective pollutants is significant. Sulphur dioxide which is an air pollutant, and which has disastrous effects on the environment, also aids in reducing global warming to a certain extend. A recent study showed that there are certain negative effects of having lower levels of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere, one of which is, a possible increment in global warming levels. Sulphur dioxide released by volcanoes tends to create a cooling impact on the planet, by obstructing the path of sunlight, hence reducing global warming (National Geographic Soceity, n.d). Also carbon dioxide, which is the chief pollutant, is needed by plants for one of its important life processes i.e. photosynthesis. However, the reliable ratio of these chemicals in the atmosphere is high and hence the implementation of preventive measures is mandatory.ConclusionSeeing the catastrophic effects of pollution, it is necessary that the human race puts the preventive measures into action. This is because the principles of pollution prevention imply that by reducing pollution people will have a more efficient and sustainable environment. Therefore, it is very important to prevent pollu tion and it is the responsibility of all individuals and organizations like the government, citizens, industries, etc to contribute to pollution prevention for the environment (Cowan et al. 2005).

Visual Programming Languages :: Essays Papers

Visual Programming LanguagesThe way programmers fork over created applications over the years has changed dramatically, and so has the amount of knowledge required to create applications as well as use them. In the 1950s a computer was a machine that took up the space of an entire room and cost millions of dollars that had less processing power than advanced day calculators. The technicians required extensive knowledge of the electronic and mechanical components as well as specific combinations of switches to create responses from the massive mainframe.Upon population of microprocessors and personal computers text based programming languages were possible, such as, BASIC and Turbo C++. These languages enabled programmers to create applications without knowing the specifics of the machine itself. Easily understandable words could be utilize in concurrence with each other to create programs that the machine would understand. This was done with a compiler, which is another applicat ion that takes the code the programmer created and turns it into something the machine can understand. This method of software creation was so efficient that thousands of companies started to have software created for them that never considered the possibility of computer aided business.Not only was the commercial world taking advantage of the wonders of engineering but also was the government. The Department of Defense was the first non-educational use of what is now known as the internet. The internet not only made it easy for population or groups to communicate quickly between each other, it also created an idea of user friendly and platform independent design. HTML was a standard created initially so groups of researchers could relay their findings back to the main laboratories without worrying about document compatibility. Browsers on all platforms including Macintosh, Windows and UNIX will all understand HTML and therefore anyone on any machine can view what is on the interne t. This increased further to include not only applications but also programming software.Today millions of Americans have access to the Internet in their homes and in addition to that many of them also have their own web page on some server on the internet. Many of these people dont even know what HTML stands for (HyperText Markup Language) but they do know how create a web page from scratch and maintain it. in all of this is possible because web page creation software as become more user friendly over the years. Microsofts Frontpage is one of the most frequently used webpage publishing software currently used and is even used by people who know HTML because of the efficiency of the product.

Free Canterbury Tales Essays: The Knight and the Wife of Bath :: Wife of Bath Essays

The Character of the Knight of the Wife of Bath The knight from the Wife of Baths Tale is non a very likable personality. His actions suggest he is just an abstract character, a receiver of the actions, who is used to give the tales plot a meaning. Neither he nor other characters in the story are even mentioned by name. However, the traits of his character are very real and do exist in the real world. Brought together, they realize an un-exciting personality of a man without a purpose in life. The knight is not very smart he does not think about the consequences of his actions. Raping the miss is one example. In this act, he is guided only by his desires, without considering how right they are. But he doesnt think about the punishment either. The knight lives only for the stage moment. Another example is the rash promise that he gives to the old hag. He agrees to do anything she wants in return for hearing the answer he is looking for. True, if he doesnt get an answer, he will lose his life. However, he doesnt think about the possibility that what the hag will want may turn out to be even worse, considering the fact that honor and personal integrity were valued to a greater extent than life in those times. A thoughtful person, such as Sir Gawain from Morte Darthur, would have inquired more about the womans wish, before making such an agreement. The knight is also an ungrateful person. The hag saves him from a certain death and then requests that he marry her. In light of the events, the knight should be grateful to escape death, but instead he views the marriage to his savior as another form of the same punishment. He agrees only because he is bound by the promise, and the chivalric code forces him to keep it. In addition, the knights thoughts are easily influenced by other people. Apparently, he recognizes the fact that he is often wrong and listens to the opinions of others. But he adopts those opinions without thinking them through for himself. This happens when the old hag says she knows what women most want the knight doesnt question that knowledge. However, by the time he meets the hag, he has listened to many other women who werent very consistent in their suggestions.